Yes, the head or cassettes of Ductless Mini-Split Systems (the top photo) are generally situated high on the wall to condition the area of a single room. However, one outdoor compressor unit (bottom photo) can supply several heads/cassettes...so several rooms.
The Ductless Systems are great if you have no ductwork. My cottage is a post and beam design...open concept with cathedral ceilings. Duct work would ruin the look. Heating is radiant in-floor powered by a propane boiler, supplemented by a wood stove. With in-floor heating your feet always toasty warm, the air doesn't get dry like with forced air, and it's extremely cost effective as its more efficient to heat a liquid rather than air.
We previously never had A/C, but a few years back the summers got so hot that we decided we needed to do something beyond window shaker units. We ended up installing a Split Ductless heat pump system with 2 outdoor compressors and a total of 6 heads to provide very efficient cooling in summer, and heat on milder winter days. With separate heads you can control the temperature of individual rooms. For instance, in summer we prefer the master bedroom cooler than the rest of the house. As a bonus, the heat pumps save us about $500 a winter in propane.
However, if you have a forced air furnace and ductwork in your home, then I would recommend an integrated heat pump. As I stated, it's essentially the same configuration as a central air conditioning unit...the same outside compressor/condenser, and same A-coil (evaporator) sitting in the plenum on top of your furnace, that cools, and in this case also heats the air.