Non-residents get outdoor cards as well. I believe it's new this year. When you get your license, you also apply for the outdoor card. You'll get two pieces of paper that you need to bring when you go fishing. (The temporary outdoor card and whichever fishing license you choose to buy.)
I got my license and applied for the outdoor card in March, but haven't seen it yet. My fiancee, which is a Canadian resident got her outdoor card in the mail apx six weeks later.
Lots of places issue the licenses. Marinas, bait- and tackle stores, most Canadian Tire stores etc.